My Serafina had a few months of that a couple years ago. So as I result there were several trips to the vet, lots of conversations with the vet, and lots of reading and research on my part.
Unfortunately there are quite a few potential causes for this. I think the most common are parasites and allergies. Parasites are the easiest to treat, so sometimes the vet will just want to do that proactively, even if there isn't any sign of that. If it's an allergy, it could be to something she is eating, or it could be to something in her environment. Food allergies are pretty easy to treat and diagnose. The approach is that you look at the food she is given, and find one of these hyperallergenic foods (or "limited ingredient" foods) that contain none of the ingredients she is currently eating, and put her on that for a couple of months. If it's something in her environment, then that is a lot tougher. There are allergy tests that can be done. And then like you said, there are various health conditions that can cause a cat to tear out their fur in an attempt to "fix" the problem. Stress is also sometimes a trigger for this behavior. The one dreaded and over-used diagnosis, is the sort of "non-diagnosis" which is "psychgenic alopecia" which is supposedly a behavior disorder. Most of the time though I think that is kind of a copout, a way of saying "we give up and don't know why".
There's lots and lots of info on this, you can do a search like "cat over grooming" and find tons of articles.
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