I honestly think 10 weeks is a little young to be "let loose" and playing with a 6 month old cat, unless it is really heavily supervised. That's a very young kitten, many breeders feel that is even too young to go to their forever home.
That said, when he is a little older, yea, it is often difficult to sort that out. I struggled with that too. Since part of the game is going through all the behaviors like puffing up tails, growling, whining, yeowling, biting necks etc. I think really all I can say is to watch the younger cat closely and use your best judgement. One small tipoff is to watch what their hind legs are doing. Those are actually their most damaging weapons, so if they are being very gentle with those, you know it hasn't gotten anywhere near "serious". But of course a much bigger cat is capable of hurting, or bullying or scaring a smaller cat even if he isn't trying to hurt him, so it can still be tough.
I think in general I tended to break up rough play sooner than I needed to. I'd break it up, and then the younger cat would want to go right back to playing, telling me that I needn't have done what I did. But oh well, erring on the side of caution is probably a good thing. So you have to kind of learn and adjust through careful observation.
_________________ The little monsters 3
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